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Our goal is to contain this outbreak by stopping human-to-human transmission to the maximum extent possible. While one vaccine (MVA-BN) and one specific treatment (tecovirimat) were approved for monkeypox in 20 respectively, these countermeasures are not yet widely available. As such, tools to manage it - including readily available diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics - are not likely to be immediately or widely accessible to countries. Monkeypox has not been at the forefront of research and development in the field of infectious diseases.
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For that, we need a significant and urgent reduction in exposures through clear communication, community-led action, case isolation during the infectious period, and effective contact tracing and monitoring. But - and this is important - we do not yet know if we will be able to contain its spread completely. What does an effective response in Europe look like?Īs of now, an effective response to monkeypox will not require the same extensive population measures as we needed for COVID-19 because the virus does not spread in the same way. We do not yet know what health impact there will be in individuals who can have severe outcomes from monkeypox, particularly young children, pregnant women and people who are immune-compromised. We do know that most people who get monkeypox will have a mild and self-limiting but unpleasant and potentially painful disease that may last up to several weeks. We do not yet know whether the monkeypox virus can also spread from one person to another through semen or vaginal fluids, nor whether the virus could persist in these bodily fluids for longer periods of time. But they also provide powerful opportunities to engage with young, sexually active and globally mobile persons to raise awareness and strengthen individual and community protection. Over the coming months, many of the dozens of festivals and large parties planned provide further contexts where amplification may occur. Monkeypox has already spread against the backdrop of several mass gatherings in the Region. The potential for further transmission in Europe and elsewhere over the summer is high. Rapid, amplified transmission has occurred in the context of the recent lifting of pandemic restrictions on international travel and events. Indeed, we should applaud them for their early presentation to health-care services. The gay and bisexual communities have high awareness and rapid health-seeking behaviour when it comes to their and their communities' sexual health. We must remember, however, as we have seen from previous outbreaks, that monkeypox is caused by a virus that can infect anyone and is not intrinsically associated with any specific group of people. Many - but not all cases - report fleeting and/or multiple sexual partners, sometimes associated with large events or parties. Strong surveillance and diagnostic systems in several European countries, along with swift cross-border information-sharing mechanisms with the support of WHO and other partners, are to be commended for the outbreak coming to light.īased on the case reports to date, this outbreak is currently being transmitted through social networks connected largely through sexual activity, primarily involving men who have sex with men. Today, I would like to outline what we have seen and learned, and what still needs to be understood, and to set us on the right path in tackling this challenge.Įven as new patients present every day, investigations into past cases show that the outbreak in our region was certainly underway as early as mid-April.
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We now have a critical opportunity to act quickly, together, to rapidly investigate and control this fast-evolving situation. The learning curve has been steep over the past 2 weeks. The WHO European Region remains at the epicentre of the largest and most geographically widespread monkeypox outbreak ever reported outside of endemic areas in western and central Africa.